在这个例子中,我们将向展示如何使用Java 8 Lambda表达式编写Comparator
来对List进行排序。
1.典型Comparator
例子。
Comparator<Developer> byName = new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
};
2. 上面等效于下列Lambda表达式
Comparator<Developer> byName =
(Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
1.不使用Lambda进行排序
下面是用年龄比较Developer
对象的例子。 通常使用Collections.sort
并传递一个匿名Comparator
类,如下所示:
TestSorting.java
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Comparator;
import java.util.List;
public class TestSorting {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Developer> listDevs = getDevelopers();
System.out.println("Before Sort");
for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
System.out.println(developer);
}
//sort by age
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
}
});
System.out.println("After Sort");
for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
System.out.println(developer);
}
}
private static List<Developer> getDevelopers() {
List<Developer> result = new ArrayList<Developer>();
result.add(new Developer("test", new BigDecimal("70000"), 33));
result.add(new Developer("alvin", new BigDecimal("80000"), 20));
result.add(new Developer("jason", new BigDecimal("100000"), 10));
result.add(new Developer("iris", new BigDecimal("170000"), 55));
return result;
}
}
输出:
Before Sort
Developer [name=test, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]
After Sort
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]
当排序要求发生变化时,您只需传入另一个新的匿名Comparator
类:
//sort by age
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
}
});
//sort by name
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
});
//sort by salary
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
}
});
这种方式用起来很麻烦。
2.用Lambda排序
在Java 8中, List
接口直接支持sort
方法,不再需要使用Collections.sort
。
//List.sort() since Java 8
listDevs.sort(new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o2.getAge() - o1.getAge();
}
});
Lambda表达示例:
TestSorting.java
import java.math.BigDecimal;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class TestSorting {
public static void main(String[] args) {
List<Developer> listDevs = getDevelopers();
System.out.println("Before Sort");
for (Developer developer : listDevs) {
System.out.println(developer);
}
System.out.println("After Sort");
//lambda here!
listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());
//java 8 only, lambda also, to print the List
listDevs.forEach((developer)->System.out.println(developer));
}
private static List<Developer> getDevelopers() {
List<Developer> result = new ArrayList<Developer>();
result.add(new Developer("test", new BigDecimal("70000"), 33));
result.add(new Developer("alvin", new BigDecimal("80000"), 20));
result.add(new Developer("jason", new BigDecimal("100000"), 10));
result.add(new Developer("iris", new BigDecimal("170000"), 55));
return result;
}
}
输出:
Before Sort
Developer [name=test, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]
After Sort
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]
3.更多Lambda示例
3.1按年龄分类
//sort by age
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getAge() - o2.getAge();
}
});
//lambda
listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());
//lambda, valid, parameter type is optional
listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getAge()-o2.getAge());
3.2按名称排序
//sort by name
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName());
}
});
//lambda
listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));
//lambda
listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getName().compareTo(o2.getName()));
3.3按工资排序
//sort by salary
Collections.sort(listDevs, new Comparator<Developer>() {
@Override
public int compare(Developer o1, Developer o2) {
return o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
}
});
//lambda
listDevs.sort((Developer o1, Developer o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary()));
//lambda
listDevs.sort((o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary()));
3.4倒序。
3.4.1使用他们的薪水对List进行排序的Lambda表达式:
Comparator<Developer> salaryComparator = (o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
listDevs.sort(salaryComparator);
输出:
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]
3.4.2按照薪水倒序的Lambda表达式:
Comparator<Developer> salaryComparator = (o1, o2)->o1.getSalary().compareTo(o2.getSalary());
listDevs.sort(salaryComparator.reversed());
输出:
Developer [name=iris, salary=170000, age=55]
Developer [name=jason, salary=100000, age=10]
Developer [name=alvin, salary=80000, age=20]
Developer [name=mkyong, salary=70000, age=33]